The largest rotator cuff muscle is known as the Subscapularis. This muscle has a tendon attachment that is separate from the other rotator cuffs. Subscapularis Tears are tendon tears that result in significant weakness, pain, and often total impairment of shoulder elevation.
Subscapularis Tears are often part of large rotator cuff tears. Being a vital stabilizer of the biceps tendon, the Subscapularis when torn almost always results in subluxation of biceps tendon.
Subscapularis tendon tears need to be separately looked for intentionally, during an arthroscopic shoulder examination. Fortunately, these tears can be arthroscopically repaired.
SLAP Lesions or Superior Labral Anterior-Posterior lesions are tears of the labrum adjoining the top portion of the glenoid socket. The labrum is also known as the meniscus of the shoulder. SLAP Lesions result in a detachment of the base of the Long Biceps Tendon as that tendon essentially sources from the top of the labrum. Young overhead athletes, particularly swimmers and throwers, usually suffer from such lesions.
These lesions can also occur in people from any age-group due to trauma caused by skiing, fall, or motor vehicle accident. A tight shoulder can often pre-dispose to a SLAP lesion in throwers. It is absolutely essential that pitchers allow their throwing shoulder stay stretched. SLAP lesions can be prevented by using the sleeper stretch, on pitchers. Symptoms of these lesions typically are pain, tightness, and soreness in the outside or back of the shoulder. There might be a catching or snapping sensation occasionally.
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